Comparison of ISO 14692 and ASME NM.2 for GRP Piping Systems
Table of Contents A Good GRP Code Covers a Large Variety of Products and Loading Conditions A robust Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) piping code must
4 August 2025
Table of Contents A Good GRP Code Covers a Large Variety of Products and Loading Conditions A robust Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) piping code must
Thermal bowing is a structural phenomenon that arises when a temperature gradient exists across the cross-section of a pipe or vessel. In typical pipe design,
Table of Contents As the demand for flexible, energy-efficient, and reliable compressor operation grows—particularly in hydrogen and process gas applications—our clients increasingly turn to stepless
Table of Contents Multiphase flow is a recurring challenge in process engineering, where multiple fluid phases—such as gases, liquids, or solids—interact within a single flow
In the chemical and energy industries, liquid products such as LNG, ammonia, or naphtha are commonly transferred between ships and onshore storage tanks. These transfers
In the engineering domain, accurately simulating transient events in pipeline systems is critical, particularly for essential safety mechanisms such as firewater systems. These systems, typically
Introduction Pressure vessels are critical components in a wide range of industries, including power generation, petrochemical processing, and industrial manufacturing. These vessels are designed to
When Theodor von Kármán first discovered vortex shedding in 1911, he likely had no idea how pivotal his work would become for modern engineering, particularly
In a previous article, we introduced the risks and design considerations of repurposing an existing natural gas compressor system for hydrogen. That discussion focused on
ON-DEMAND 🕖 30 MIN 🌏︎ ENGLISH Understanding and Mitigating AIV and FIV in Modern Plant Design David Tickner Senior Engineer Get instant access
ON-DEMAND 🕖 30 MIN 🌏︎ ENGLISH How To Predict Stresses From Slug Flows Daniëlle de Jong Senior Engineer Get instant access Free recording
ON-DEMAND 🕖 60 MIN 🌏︎ ENGLISH Building models using the import PCF file feature & model verification In BOSfluids Thijs Krijger Project Engineer
ON-DEMAND 🕖 60 MIN 🌏︎ ENGLISH Solving Vibrations In A Two-Phase Process Line Frank Bos Partner Get instant access Free. Recording + slide
ON-DEMAND 🕖 50 MIN 🌏︎ ENGLISH Surge and dynamic stress analysis for an offshore wind farm using BOSfluids Mark Groen Software Lead Engineer
ON-DEMAND 🕖 25 MIN 🌏︎ ESPAÑOL Integración de BOSfluids con Caesar II y otros programas de tensión de tuberías Uri Peker Engineer Get instant
ON-DEMAND 🕖 35 MIN 🌏︎ ENGLISH BOSfluids integration with CAESAR II and other pipe stress programs Ryan Metcalf Manager USA Get instant access
Thirteen buried GRE firewater subsystems were modelled in CAESAR II and assessed to ISO 14692 for hydrotest, operating and sustained load cases. On implementation of the recommendations, static pipe stresses are acceptable and flange loads are moderate. The buried glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) piping in the firewater system upgrade at a
The main firewater line for a new oil terminal jetty is made from glass reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe. It starts at the onshore transition between underground and above-ground pipe, where it connects to steel lines, and follows a jetty about 1.5 km long. A firefighting platform about one third of
Static stress analysis of two buried GRE firewater subsystems in CAESAR II covered three load cases with a design pressure of 13.4 barg and a maximum design temperature of 40 °C. The stress analysis report, a preliminary issue, records wall thickness increases and polystyrene on five isometrics and concludes that,
Nine underground GRE firewater systems, 77 stressed isometrics in total, were analysed in CAESAR II against the ISO 14692 allowable stress envelopes, with soil-pipe interaction modelled to the American Lifelines Alliance (2001) soil model. Modifications included a support bracing, polystyrene foam, NBR gasket stiffness limits and additional laminate for a
A CAESAR II static stress analysis of a buried GRE firewater network against ISO 14692 found 18 bends and 10 tees overstressed in the original design. In the modified models, all stress points are within the ISO 14692 envelopes for the sustained, operational and hydro load cases, provided the system
An underground storage station was being expanded with an additional compressor and a third injection well cluster, and the existing firewater package was being extended as part of the project. Two jockey pumps pressurise the system. When a blowout alarm is raised, the deluge valves open and the main firewater
A buried GRE fire water ring was assessed in CAESAR II against the ISO 14692 allowable stress envelope. Static stresses stayed within the envelope for all load cases after additional lamination at nine bends, and the settlement analysis set a 4 MPa axial margin on the operational or occasional envelope.
A new unit was added to an existing gas complex, and the firewater ring main was extended to serve it. Three sets of four 3-inch hydrant valves were modelled, twelve hydrants in total. Each hydrant is required to produce a minimum of 1452 l/min at 7.0 barg, and the hydrant
Extending an LNG terminal with a new cryogenic bunkering line At an LNG storage and loading terminal, a new line was constructed to supply liquefied natural gas directly to ferries. This 8-inch bunkering line branches from an existing 12-inch line that is used to load LNG into cargo ships. A
Surge loads from deluge valve closure were applied to nine composite firewater deluge systems in a CAESAR II time-history analysis and checked as occasional stresses against the ISO 14692 envelope. With three axial stops added in S4, all stress points lie within the envelope; the highest of the nine Smax
Elbows replaced after hydrotest problems A 5-inch glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) transportation line runs buried between two locations. It connects to above-ground steel piping at both ends and to a steel manifold at about halfway. In total there are four connections between GRE and steel. The line is designed for 150
Buried Fibreglass Piping and an Undefined Compression Envelope The underground part of a seawater network at a gas field development was to be built in filament-wound fibreglass reinforced epoxy pipe buried in sand. The scope covered two systems, 1001 and 1002. Each system consists of a header of 54-inch and
This project covered a family of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) couplers, designated FWC, in five configurations: a DN600 coupler in a small (S) and a medium (M) variant, a DN1200 medium coupler, a DN2400 large coupler, and a DN3600 extra large coupler. Each coupler is a long cylindrical GRP
Technical Evaluation of Three Candidate GRP Pipe Suppliers For a glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) pipe system on a project, the client selected three potential GRP pipe suppliers, each to be evaluated from a technical perspective. Each supplier submitted a set of technical documents describing its component design, qualification testing and system
A seawater dump caisson made of glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) needed its wall, laminate and joint details defined. The task was to find thicknesses and bonding lengths that would keep stresses within the allowable stress envelope conforming to ISO 14692, and to determine the loads that the restraints, flanges, laminated joints
The Firewater Network The firewater network in this case is built from glass-fibre reinforced epoxy (GRE), grade Wavistrong EST 20, with DN150 pipe running mainly underground. Above ground, steel sections connect to the GRE by flanges, and vertical branches rise to fire hydrants and similar connections. The system was specified
A manhole interrupts the load-bearing shell of an elbow or tee, so the component is regarded as a non-standard piping fitting. The three fittings here are two 20 inch long-radius elbows, EX-23 and EZ-22, in SA-234 Gr. WP11 Cl. 1, and one 32 inch ASME B16.9 welding tee, FB-11, in
Furnace F-501 at a refinery heats crude through radiant coils made of A312 TP316Ti stainless steel. Each coil enters the radiant section at grade level, runs 21 loops parallel to the refractory lined furnace wall, crosses over to the roof section, makes 8 further loops against the roof, and leaves
Two identical Visbreaker bottom pumps at an onshore refinery were due for replacement. The existing pumps were of single side suction execution, the new pumps of double side suction execution. For the new pumps a minimum straight length of five times the diameter (5D) was specified directly upstream of the
A gas line between the high and low pressure separators of a hydrocracking unit failed in service, probably through material fatigue caused by vibration. An additional 3-way stop was fitted just downstream of the TSO valve to reduce vibration levels, and vibration was then measured at nine locations on the
The crude heating system serves one of two distillation trains: crude is preheated in a convection box, heated in the radiant section of the furnace and carried by a feed line to the tower. Crude heating generates two-phase flow, whose fluctuations impose the unsteady unbalanced loads at elbows and tees
DYNAFLOW RESEARCH GROUP (“DRG”) Enters into Reseller Agreement with Quality Professional Software (“QPS”) RIJSWIJK, The Netherlands – January 24, 2024 (Dynaflow Research Group BV) –
Dynaflow Research Group and Seawind Ocean Technology announce collaboration focusing on technical readiness of floating offshore wind applications in the Mediterranean Sea. This landmark partnership